Mass limit: Check a value in decibels

Textile Acoustics · Verification Tool

Mass Limit

A curtain cannot block more noise than its mass allows. Enter the specified mass of a curtain: the tool calculates the maximum sound attenuation permitted by physics, under the most favorable conditions. Any figure higher than this limit is physically impossible for that mass.


Quick Reference
The first two are commonly listed fabric weights. The third is the mass of the assembled composite.
Weighted overall index14dB — MaximumRw, weighted from 100 to 3,150 Hz (ISO 717-1)
Maximum value30dB — limit on the 5,000 Hz band only

Upper Limit per Band (Mass Law) Fitted ISO 717-1 reference curve

The Calculation, Explained Simply

There's no need to take anything at face value. The mass law is a classic result of building acoustics.

R(f) = 20 · log₁₀( m · f ) − 47 m in kg/m², f in Hz, field incidence

The overall index displayed is obtained by applying the weighting procedure specified in ISO 717-1 to this curve: the reference curve is shifted in 1-dB increments until the sum of the unfavorable deviations across the sixteen bands from 100 to 3,150 Hz reaches 32 dB without exceeding it. The value of the curve shifted to 500 Hz is theRw index. The 5,000-Hz band falls outside this weighting range; it is calculated separately using the same formula.

Frequency Theoretical ceiling Adjusted Reference Adverse deviation

What This Tool Doesn't Tell You

That's not a measure

A theoretical limit is not a test result. Only a report from a laboratory accredited under ISO 10140-2 establishes a product’s actual attenuation. The tool indicates what is impossible, not what is achieved.

A multilayer may protrude slightly

The simple mass law describes a homogeneous, flexible wall. A multilayer assembly with internal damping can exceed this by a few decibels in certain frequency bands. By a few decibels—not by a factor of three.

Reality lies below, not above

A curtain does not seal the opening. Sound travels around the fabric—from the sides, from the top, and through the shutter box. The actual sound insulation experienced by the occupant is consistently lower than the maximum value calculated here.

Fabric weight ≠ product weight

A specification listing 300 g/m² refers to the fabric alone. The assembled assembly—including linings and blackout material—weighs more. If only the fabric’s weight per square meter is listed, the actual maximum weight of the finished product exceeds the calculated value—but no one can know by how much.

Absorption and attenuation are two different things

Absorption (ISO 354, ISO 11654) reduces reverberation in a room and is measured by a coefficient α between 0 and 1. Attenuation (ISO 10140-2) reduces the sound that passes through. An α of 0.90 does not represent a 90% reduction and cannot be converted to decibels.

A peak is not an indicator

The maximum attenuation, measured over a narrow band in the high frequencies, is always much higher than the overall index. Both are published together, along with the peak frequency—otherwise, the figure cannot be interpreted.

Calibration point—the 4-layer Cotton Silence composite weighs 1.35 kg/m². The mass law predicts an overallRw value of 14 dB and 29.6 dB at 5,000 Hz. Measurements conducted by the Daidalos Peutz laboratory—BELAC-accredited to ISO/IEC 17025 and in accordance with NBN EN ISO 10140-2:2010—yieldRw (C;Ctr) = 14 (−1; −3) dB and a maximum attenuation of 28.2 dB at 5,000 Hz—report A-2020LAB-060-I766-44092_E. Both measured values are at the theoretical upper limit, with the second slightly below it. The model and the measurement agree on both parameters.

Tool published by Cotton Silence (NOKOMIS WEBSTORE, Paris). The calculation is reproducible: the formula and weighting procedure are provided above. Any errors reported to contact@cottonsilence.com will be corrected. — Test Report Registry · Reference Sheet · Evidence File · Technology

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